Exactness: Exact-In-Limit
All systems with exactness: exact-in-limit
Systems (3)
Galton board (bean machine)
f(x) = Gaussian / binomial distribution
Balls dropped through a triangular array of pegs deflect left or right at each level. The distribution of balls in the output bins converges to a Gaussian as Nââ. Each peg is an independent Bernoulli ...
Simulated annealing (thermal)
f(x) = argmin of energy / cost landscape
A physical system coupled to a heat bath at slowly decreasing temperature explores its energy landscape. At high temperature it escapes local minima; as Tâ0 it settles into a global minimum â if cooli...
Thermodynamic computer
f(x) = sampling from Boltzmann distributions
Uses thermal noise in analog circuits to sample from Boltzmann distributions. Thermal fluctuations provide natural randomness that follows statistical mechanics principles. The Normal Computing SDE (S...